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source amnesia
Source amnesia is the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge.〔Schacter, D.L., Harbluk, J.L., and McLachlen, D.R. (1984). Retrieval without recollection: an experimental analysis of source amnesia. ''Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour'', 23(5): 593-611.〕 This branch of amnesia is associated with the malfunctioning of one's explicit memory. It is likely that the disconnect between having the knowledge and remembering the context in which the knowledge was acquired is due to a dissociation between semantic and episodic memory〔Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving and W. Donaldson (Eds.), ''Organization of Memory'' (pp. 381-403). New York: Academic Press.〕 – an individual retains the semantic knowledge (the fact), but lacks the episodic knowledge to indicate the context in which the knowledge was gained.
Memory representations reflect the encoding processes during acquisition. Different types of acquisition processes (e.g.: reading, thinking, listening) and different types of events (e.g.: newspaper, thoughts, conversation) will produce mental depictions that perceptually differ from one another in the brain, making it harder to retrieve where information was learned when placed in a different context of retrieval.〔Mitchell, K.J., Johnson, M.K. (2000). Source monitoring: Attributing mental experiences. ''The Oxford handbook of memory''. 12: 179-195.〕 Source monitoring involves a systematic process of slow and deliberate thought of where information was originally learned. Source monitoring can be improved by using more retrieval cues, discovering and noting relations and extended reasoning.〔
== Causes ==
Source amnesia is not a rare phenomenon – everybody experiences it on a near daily basis as, for much of our knowledge, it is important to remember the knowledge itself, rather than its source.〔Shimamura, A.P. and Squire, L.R. (1987). A neuropsychological study of fact memory and source amnesia. ''Journal of Experimental Psychology'', 13(3): 464-473.〕 However, there are extreme examples of source amnesia caused by a variety of factors.
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